Notes

==================================================

1. WHAT IS A CASE-BASED FACTUAL PASSAGE? ==================================================

A Case-Based Factual Passage is an unseen passage based on factual information, a real-life situation, a study, a survey, a trend, or another information-based topic.

The passage may contain verbal and/or visual information such as:

• Statistical data • Tables • Charts • Graphs • Percentages • Survey findings • Comparative information

Students have to understand the written passage as well as the information presented through data or visuals.

A case-based factual passage mainly tests a student's ability to:

• Understand information • Interpret facts and data • Analyse relationships • Compare information • Draw logical inferences • Evaluate statements or conclusions

IMPORTANT:

A Case-Based Factual Passage is not simply a mathematics or data-calculation question.

The main purpose is to test READING SKILLS.

Students should understand:

TEXT + DATA + CONTEXT

================================================== 2. TYPES OF CASE-BASED INPUTS

A case-based factual passage may contain different forms of information.

A. TABLES

A table presents information in rows and columns.

Example:

Mode of Transport Students

School Bus 200 Bicycle 120 Walking 80 Private Car 50

From a table, questions may ask:

• Which category has the highest value? • Which category has the lowest value? • What is the difference between two categories? • What conclusion can be drawn? • What trend or pattern is visible?

B. CHARTS

Charts present information visually.

They make it easier to compare different categories.

A chart may show information related to:

• Student preferences • Education • Environment • Health • Transport • Reading habits • Technology usage • Social issues

Students should carefully observe:

• Title • Categories • Values • Percentages • Highest value • Lowest value

C. GRAPHS

Graphs are useful for showing changes, comparisons, or trends.

Example:

Year Library Visitors

2021 1000 2022 1300 2023 1700 2024 2100

The data shows an INCREASING TREND.

Questions may ask:

• In which year was the value highest? • How much did the value increase? • What trend can be observed? • What can be inferred from the trend?

D. STATISTICAL DATA

Statistical data may include:

• Numbers • Percentages • Ratios • Averages • Comparisons • Changes over time

Example:

Reading Books – 35% Watching Videos – 30% Practice Tests – 25% Group Study – 10%

Highest preference: Reading Books – 35%

Lowest preference: Group Study – 10%